Culture ISO 11731 IDEXX Legiolert ASHRAE 188

Legionella Testing Services

Legionella Can’t
Hide From the
Right Test.

Culture (ISO 11731) for total Legionella species · IDEXX Legiolert for L. pneumophila · ASHRAE 188 Water Management Program support. Cooling towers, potable and hot water systems, healthcare facilities — nationwide sample submission accepted.

The Hazard

Legionella Thrives in Building Water Systems.

Cooling towers, hot water heaters, decorative fountains — any water system between 68–122°F is a potential reservoir.

Legionnaires’ disease has a 5–15% case fatality rate. It is almost always caused by exposure to Legionella in building water systems — a preventable hazard when the right testing and controls are in place.

Health Consequences

  • Legionnaires’ disease: Severe pneumonia — 5–15% fatal, higher in immunocompromised patients
  • Pontiac fever: Non-pneumonic, flu-like illness — rarely fatal but widespread exposure risk
  • Spread by inhaling aerosolized water droplets — cooling tower drift, showers, and fixtures are the exposure routes

Where It Grows

  • Cooling towers — most common outbreak source; temperature and stagnation create ideal conditions
  • Hot water systems — storage tanks, recirculating loops, dead legs, and infrequently used outlets
  • Decorative fountains, whirlpool spas, hospital water systems, and ice machines

Regulatory Drivers

  • ASHRAE 188: Water Management Plan required for buildings meeting population risk criteria
  • NYC Local Law 77: Mandatory cooling tower registration, testing, and reporting to NYC DEP
  • CMS QSO-17-30: Healthcare facilities must have water management programs in place
Analytical Methods

Two Methods. Know Which One the Rule Requires.

Culture (ISO 11731) recovers total Legionella species and is the method regulations name when they require “Legionella culture.” IDEXX Legiolert detects L. pneumophila only — it suits Water Management Program verification but does not substitute for a required culture. If you are unsure which applies, call the laboratory before you sample.

Culture — ISO 11731 (Total Legionella species)

Required Where a Rule Says “Legionella Culture”
Best For
NY State and NYC cooling towers · Any requirement naming Legionella culture · Baseline and investigative sampling where total species matter

How It Works
Culture per ISO 11731 — recovers total Legionella species, not just L. pneumophila. Reported in CFU/mL. Serogroup typing available as a priced add-on.
Regulation
NY cooling towers require culture by an ELAP-certified laboratory. Cooling-tower response thresholds (10 NYCRR Part 4): review and disinfect at or above 20 CFU/mL; notify the health department above 1,000 CFU/mL.
Turnaround
Reported in 10–14 days (culture incubation required)

Deliverable
Total Legionella in CFU/mL, compared to the applicable regulatory thresholds, in a Water Management Program-ready format.

IDEXX Legiolert (L. pneumophila only)

WMP Verification · Post-Remediation Checks
Best For
Water Management Program verification · Post-remediation checks · Routine building-water screening for L. pneumophila

How It Works
MPN method using the Legiolert reagent — detects L. pneumophila only. 7-day incubation. Reported in MPN/100 mL.
Regulation
Does not substitute for a required Legionella culture where a rule names culture (e.g. NY cooling towers). Watch the units: 1 CFU/mL equals 100 CFU/100 mL — convert before comparing to any CFU/mL threshold.
Turnaround
Reported in 8–10 days (7-day incubation)

Deliverable
L. pneumophila in MPN/100 mL, referenced to your Water Management Program control limits.
Decision Guide

Which Test Is Right for Your Situation?

Match your facility type and regulatory trigger to the correct method.

Cooling tower — New York State or NYC Local Law 77 compliance NY cooling towers require Legionella culture performed by an ELAP-certified laboratory. Legiolert does not substitute. Sample per your Water Management Program schedule.
Culture (ISO 11731)
Hospital, nursing home, or healthcare facility — CMS QSO-17-30 water management CMS requires a Water Management Program with environmental monitoring. Culture gives total-species compliance data; Legiolert supports routine WMP verification between culture rounds.
Culture + Legiolert
Potable or hot water system — WMP verification, no rule naming culture Where no regulation names culture, Legiolert quantifies L. pneumophila against the control limits written into your own Water Management Program.
IDEXX Legiolert
Legionnaires’ disease outbreak investigation — source identification Culture with serogroup typing recovers total species and enables comparison to patient clinical isolates for source attribution.
Culture + Serogroup Typing
New building commissioning or water system startup verification Baseline testing before occupancy documents system status for WMP records. Match the method to any jurisdictional requirement — culture where a rule names it, otherwise Legiolert.
Culture or Legiolert

Long TATs are inherent to Legionella culture methods. Plan sampling schedules in advance for LL77 and ASHRAE deadlines. Rush options available — contact us.

Regulatory Triggers

When Is Legionella Testing Required?

Four situations that mandate testing — each under a different regulatory framework.

Cooling Towers
(NYC LL77)

  • NYC Local Law 77: all cooling towers must register, test, and report to NYC DEP
  • Requires Legionella culture by an ELAP-certified laboratory — Legiolert does not substitute
  • Response thresholds (10 NYCRR Part 4): act at or above 20 CFU/mL; notify the health department above 1,000 CFU/mL

Healthcare
Facilities (CMS)

  • CMS QSO-17-30 (2017): all Medicare/Medicaid facilities must have a Water Management Plan
  • WMP must include routine Legionella environmental monitoring
  • Positive results require corrective action and notification to CMS

ASHRAE 188
Buildings

  • ASHRAE 188: WMP required for buildings meeting population risk criteria
  • Sets no numeric limit — it is a process standard; control limits are written into your own WMP
  • Covers cooling towers, hot water systems, ornamental fountains, and ice machines

Post-Outbreak
Investigation

  • Any Legionnaires’ disease case cluster investigation requires environmental sampling
  • Culture with serogroup typing enables comparison to patient clinical isolates for source attribution
  • Cooperate with the local health department — report results as directed by the primacy agency
Legionella testing is not optional once a WMP is in place — it’s the measurable control step that proves your plan is working and satisfies regulatory auditors.
Process

From Sample Collection to WMP Documentation.

Results are reported in CFU/mL (culture) or MPN/100 mL (Legiolert), referenced to the applicable regulatory thresholds or your Water Management Program control limits, in a format built for WMP recordkeeping.

01

Schedule & Confirm

Confirm your facility type, the regulatory requirement, and the method (culture, Legiolert, or both). IRIS provides the collection protocol, sterile sodium-thiosulfate bottles, and chain-of-custody forms.

Schedule Testing →
02

Collect Water Samples

Sterile sodium-thiosulfate bottles. Cooling towers: sample the basin away from the biocide injection point. Potable and hot water: take a first draw — do not flush or remove the aerator. Leave 1–2 cm of headspace.

03

Ship Overnight

Ship same day as collection. Keep at 4°C — do not freeze. Pre-paid FedEx overnight label included. Analysis begins on the day of receipt at IRIS.

04

Report + WMP Documentation

CFU/mL with optional serogroup typing (culture) or MPN/100 mL (Legiolert). Includes threshold comparison, corrective-action trigger language, and a WMP record format.

TAT: Culture (ISO 11731) reported in 10–14 days · Legiolert reported in 8–10 days (7-day incubation). Plan sampling ahead of LL77 and ASHRAE deadlines.

Sampling Resources

Collect the Sample Right the First Time.

Download the field guide before you sample, and watch the walkthrough. Re-sampling costs more than a few minutes of preparation.

Legionella Sample Collection Field Guide

Two-page field guide: kit checklist, cooling tower and potable/hot water procedures, preservation and shipping, response thresholds, and method turnarounds.

Download PDF

PDF · Culture (ISO 11731) and IDEXX Legiolert · Rev. 2026-07

Culture ISO 11731 · IDEXX Legiolert · ASHRAE 188 · NYC LL77 · CMS Support

Schedule Your
Legionella Testing.

Culture (ISO 11731) for total Legionella species. IDEXX Legiolert for L. pneumophila. ASHRAE 188 · NYC LL77 · CMS water management program support. WMP documentation included.

Culture ISO 11731 (CFU/mL) IDEXX Legiolert (MPN/100 mL) WMP Documentation Nationwide Sampling